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Volkova A.A., Turchina Yu.I., Kiselev S.Yu. Anthropometric analysis of women’s feet for individualized footwear design. Journal of Clothing Science. 2025; 10(2). Available at: https://kostumologiya.ru/PDF/05TLKL225.pdf (in Russian).

Anthropometric analysis of women’s feet for individualized footwear design

Volkova Anastasiya Alexandrovna
Russian State University named A.N. Kosygin (Technologies. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia
E-mail: rrmurom@list.ru
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1235417

Turchina Yulia Ivanovna
Russian State University named A.N. Kosygin (Technologies. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia
E-mail: yulyaturchina2@gmail.com
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1285734

Kiselev Sergey Yur’evich
Russian State University named A.N. Kosygin (Technologies. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia
E-mail: kiselev-syu@rguk.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-143X
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=672883
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57473831100

Abstract. The individualized production of footwear remains a complex and resource-intensive task that requires the creation of a last tailored to the anatomical features of a specific person’s foot. Modern digital technologies significantly simplify this process. In addition to the development of custom tooling within computer-aided design (CAD) systems, one promising approach involves creating a base shoe last whose parameters reflect the average anthropometric characteristics of the feet of a target consumer group. Such a last can then be adjusted with minimal modifications to suit the individual parameters of a specific user. This approach is justified by the fact that most individuals’ foot dimensions deviate only slightly from the average, making the adaptation of the base shape a low-effort process. Accordingly, the acquisition of up-to-date anthropometric data that reflects the actual parameters of feet remains a relevant task.

The aim of this study was to obtain anthropometric data of an average female foot for the development of a base shoe last for the first age group of women (18–24 years). The article presents an anthropometric study of young women’s feet, incorporating both traditional measurements and 3D scanning. Statistical processing of the data allowed for the determination of average dimensional characteristics and the identification of regression relationships describing the interdependence of key foot parameters.

The study substantiates the effectiveness of using a plaster cast when 3D scanning a foot in a high-heeled position, which minimized potential distortions in the creation of a digital model. The authors propose a methodology for obtaining a digital foot model that includes 3D scanning of both the foot itself and its plaster cast. An algorithm for scan orientation within a coordinate system is developed.

As a result of practical implementation, a shoe last was manufactured based on the calculated anthropometric data.

Keywords: foot measurements; statistical analysis; average anthropometric parameters; 3D scanning; base shoe last; digital design; footwear personalization

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