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Tikhonova N.V., Zhukovskaya T.V., Butenkova A.S. Features of designing the internal form of everyday health-saving footwear for pregnant women. Part 1. Journal of Clothing Science. 2023; 8(2). Available at: https://kostumologiya.ru/PDF/20TLKL223.pdf (in Russian).

Features of designing the internal form of everyday health-saving footwear for pregnant women. Part 1

Tikhonova Natalya Vasilievna
Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
E-mail: nata.tikhonova.81@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-869X
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=750903
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57193534168

Zhukovskaya Tatiana Vladimirovna
Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
E-mail: zhukovskayatv@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-6691
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=792962
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57219987044

Butenkova Anna Sergeevna
Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
E-mail: abutenkova401@mail.ru

Abstract. The woman’s foot during the first pregnancy changes irreversibly, so, due to the increase in the elasticity of the ligaments, both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the foot increase, and the arch of the foot flattens, which, first of all, requires additional support for the arch and improved cushioning of the sole, since changes in gait, a shift in the center of gravity and weight gain can adversely affect not only the feet, but also the intervertebral discs and the spine as a whole. In addition, the obstruction of the normal shock-absorbing function of the aponeurosis with its increased elasticity can cause hyperpronation, which in turn not only causes pain, but can also lead to injuries.
A shift in the center of gravity and a change in posture changes the gait of a pregnant woman, her step is shortened and noticeably widened, as a result of which, the oscillations of the body from side to side increase, in this case, it is necessary to provide in the shoe to prevent the ankle from twisting outward, leading to a fall.

The results obtained allow us to conclude that from the end of the first trimester of pregnancy, moderate back pain appears, and discomfort in relation to shoes is stated in some cases mainly by the end of the working day. It was noted that as the pregnancy progressed, the discomfort increased, and changes in the parameters of the foot increased. By the eighth month of pregnancy, pain and discomfort are noted regularly with increasing intensity, changes in the size of the foot relative to previous measurements almost double, while the foot expands and significantly flattens. The obtained results show that wearing sports shoes or shoes with flat soles, soft shoes of increased fullness, as is often the case after the first trimester, does not reduce the deforming effect of the ongoing processes.

The data obtained allow us to confirm the relevance of designing health-saving footwear for women during pregnancy and to formulate the main requirements for footwear in general and the internal shape of footwear in particular.

Keywords: women’s everyday health-saving shoes; pregnancy; internal form; overpronation; foot; sole cushioning

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